Big Tech's AI buildout hides $1.65 trillion in off-balance-sheet obligations
A Nikkei Asia investigation found that Alphabet, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Oracle carry about $1.65 trillion in off-balance-sheet obligations from the AI buildout: data-center leases, GPU supply contracts, joint ventures, and special-purpose vehicles. That exceeds the $1.35 trillion of debt the five officially report and has grown roughly eightfold in four years. Moody's warns many leases are pre-operational, and Morgan Stanley puts industry-wide exposure near $1.8 trillion.